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| (Sumber: The Japan Times) |
Versi terjemahan Bahasa Indonesia
Judul: Bagaimana Penyerang Sepak Bola Memproses Informasi dalam Situasi 1v1
Penulis: Kaoru Mitoma, Sekolah Pendidikan Jasmani, Kesehatan, dan Ilmu Olahraga, Studi Pelatihan Sepak Bola
Tujuan:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu bagaimana penyerang melihat pemain lawan selama situasi sepak bola satu lawan satu, terutama untuk mengetahui ke arah mana mereka melihat lawan, berdasar tingkat keahlian.
Tujuan utamanya adalah menjelaskan hubungan antara kemampuan pemain sepak bola dengan cara mereka melihat situasi di lapangan.
Harapannya, penelitian ini bisa meningkatkan keterampilan bermain, serta berkontribusi pada cara kita berlatih dan melatih sepak bola.
Metode:
Sebanyak 21 penyerang dari klub sepak bola Universitas Tsukuba menjadi subjek penelitian. Mereka dibagi menjadi dua kelompok: 10 pemain terampil (20% terbaik di klub) dan 11 pemain semi-terampil (20% paling bawah di klub).
Para subjek melakukan serangan satu lawan satu di lapangan sepak bola, menerima bola dari jarak 3 meter, lalu menggiringnya menuju pemain bertahan.
Kamera GoPro dipasang pada dahi penyerang untuk merekam bidang pandang dalam segmen 3x3. Tubuh pemain bertahan dan posisi sekitarnya juga diberi nomor untuk kepentingan analisis.
Bidang pandang penyerang dianalisis pada dua waktu: saat menerima bola dan saat menggiring bola. Posisi tubuh pemain bertahan dalam bidang pandang, kemudian dipilah per waktu, lalu diperiksa menggunakan metode statistik ANOVA dengan SPSS.
Setelah game selesai, para pemain juga diwawancara untuk mendapat informasi subjektif tentang di mana fokus pandangan mereka saat melihat lawan.
Hasil kuesioner diuji menggunakan metode statistik non-parametrik U Mann-Whitney guna membandingkan hasil kuesioner.
Hasil:
Analisis gambar GoPro menunjukkan, saat menerima bola, ada perbedaan jelas antara pemain terampil dan semi-terampil. Pemain terampil tetap fokus pada bola sambil memperhatikan pemain lawan di sisi pandangnya.
Saat memasuki tahap menggiring, pemain terampil tidak terlalu berbeda dengan pemain semi-terampil, tapi terlihat dari cara mereka melihat, lebih ke arah tengah dan ke bawah.
Hasil kuesioner mendukung temuan gambar, menunjukkan bahwa pemain terampil lebih fokus pada bagian atas tubuh lawan mereka.
Kesimpulan:
Dibanding kelompok semi-terampil, pemain terampil cenderung mampu melihat pemain lawan di pusat pandangan mereka, sekaligus mengenali situasi di sekitar, bahkan sebelum menerima bola.
Pemain terampil juga cenderung menjaga postur tegak saat menggiring, dengan lawan berada pada posisi lebih rendah dalam pandangan mereka.
Faktor seperti fokus melihat ke lawan sekaligus sadar dengan situasi sekitar, terbukti berkontribusi pada kesuksesan dribble.
Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk menentukan apakah secara sengaja menjaga pandangan tetap tinggi bisa meningkatkan keterampilan bermain sepak bola.
Lebih Lanjut:
三笘薫の卒論「1対1場面における攻撃側の情報処理について」 - YouTube
Versi terjemahan Bahasa Inggris
Title: Research on Information Processing of the Attacking Side in 1v1 Football Situations
Author: Kaoru Mitoma, School of Physical Education, Health, and Sport Science, Football Coaching Studies
Objective:
This study aims to investigate the visual information processing of attacking players during one-on-one football situations, specifically examining where they perceive opposing players in their field of vision based on proficiency levels.
The primary objectives include clarifying the relationship between football players' athletic ability and visual information processing, enhancing personal athletic performance, and contributing to theoretical football training and coaching.
Methods:
A total of 21 offensive players from the University of Tsukuba football club participated, categorized into two groups: 10 skilled players (top 20% of the club) and 11 semi-skilled players (bottom 20% of the club).
The subjects engaged in one-on-one attacks on a football field, receiving a ball from 3 meters away and dribbling it towards a defender.
A GoPro camera was mounted on the attacker's forehead to record the view, divided into 3x3 segments. The defender's body and surrounding positions were numbered for analysis.
The visual field of the attackers was analyzed at two points: during trapping and during dribbling. The location of the defender's body in the divided field of view at each timing was examined using one-way ANOVA with SPSS.
A post-play questionnaire was administered to gather subjective information on where the subjects focused their attention on opponents. Mann-Whitney's U test, a non-parametric method, was used to compare questionnaire results.
Results:
GoPro image analysis revealed a significant difference between skilled and semi-skilled groups in the upper center field of view during trapping. Skilled players maintained focus on the ball with peripheral attention to the opposing player.
During the dribbling stage, skilled players exhibited a weaker but noticeable difference in visual patterns, tending to look more centrally and downward within their field of vision.
Questionnaire results supported the objective data, indicating that skilled players reported focusing on the higher part of their opponents' bodies.
Conclusions:
Compared to the semi-skilled group, skilled players consistently kept opponents in the upper center of their field of vision, recognizing surrounding positions even before trapping the ball.
Skilled players also tended to maintain an upright posture during dribbling, with opponents positioned lower in their field of vision.
Factors such as bringing opponents into perspective and maintaining awareness of surroundings contribute to successful dribbling. Additionally, the study suggests the possibility that proficiency in ball handling itself facilitates the maintenance of a high posture.
Further research is needed to determine whether consciously keeping one's gaze high can enhance football skills.